Pakistan's Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) Initiative Transforming Lives

Pakistan's journey to build a digital public infrastructure (DPI) began in March 2000 with the establishment of NADRA, the National Database and Registration Authority. The Gates Foundation defines DPI as follows: "DPI is a digital network that enables countries to safely and efficiently deliver economic opportunities and social services to all residents. DPI can be compared to roads, which form a physical network that connects people and provides access to a huge range of goods and services...... strong DPI has three foundational systems—identity, payments, and data exchange—that together can make life easier in important ways". 

Digital Public Infrastructure. Source: World Economic Forum

Transformational Impact:

An article recently published on the World Economic Forum website sheds light on how Pakistan's digital public infrastructure is transforming lives in rural Pakistan. Here's how it begins: 

"On a scorching day with temperatures soaring to 42 degrees, Manzoora, a mother from the flood-stricken district of Shaheed Benazirabad, rural Sindh, Pakistan, made a significant leap: she withdrew cash from her own bank account for the very first time. This milestone was made possible through a mobile cash transfer programme initiated by the Sindh government, which partnered with digital service providers to empower citizens like Manzoora. This is just one example of how DPI is changing the lives of millions of Pakistanis". 

An earlier UNDP report  titled "DigitAll: What happens when women of Pakistan get access to digital and tech tools? A lot!" written by Javeria Masood has also described the socioeconomic impact of technology in Pakistan in the following words:

"The world as we know it has been and is rapidly changing. Technology has proven to be one of the biggest enablers of change. There has been a significant emphasis on digital training, tech education, and freelancing in the last several years especially during the pandemic, through initiatives from the government, private and development sectors. Covid-19 acted as a big disrupter and accelerated the digital uptake many folds. In Pakistan, we saw the highest number of digital wallets, online services, internet-based services and adaptability out of need and demand". 

Digital Identity: 

NADRA launched Computerized National Identity Card (CNIC) the same year it was established. It uses biometric data and personal information to confirm the identity of the cardholder as a citizen of Pakistan. The CNIC card is used across the country for voting in elections, opening bank accounts, issuing passports, getting driver's licenses, registering marriages and divorces, completing real estate transactions, participating in social safety net programs like Benazir Income Support, obtaining mobile phone numbers/sims, purchasing tickets for airlines and railways, etc etc. 

The introduction of CNIC was a "foundational change, positioning Pakistan among a select group of nations equipped to manage comprehensive digital identities for over 240 million citizens", according to the World Economic Forum. Within four years of launching the Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) – a social protection initiative to alleviate poverty – CNIC issuance to adults increased by 72%. 

 

Pakistan Instant Payment System. Source: State Bank of Pakistan



Payments:

Digital identity enables payments from the government to citizens as well as financial transactions among individuals, businesses and government entities. The introduction of RAAST, an instant low-cost payment system launched in 2021 by the State Bank of Pakistan, has spurred digital payments in the country.  It seamlessly and securely connects government entities, a variety of banks, including microfinance banks (MFBs),  electronic money institutions (EMIs) and State Bank authorized payment service providers (PSPs). 

QR Codes: 

This year, the State Bank of Pakistan has launched P2M (Person to Merchant) services. These allow people with electronic wallets in their mobile phones to pay for goods and services using merchants' QR codes. “The P2M service will enable payment acceptance by businesses using quick response (QR) codes, Raast Alias, IBAN and request to pay (RTP),” the Central Bank said in an announcement. 

"All REs (regulated entities) shall enable…capabilities for processing P2M transactions via their delivery channels including mobile apps, internet banking portals and USSD channels (where applicable) by March 01, 2024." The central bank asked Raast merchant service providers (MSPs) to ensure that customers are not charged any fee on their purchases, by merchants or third parties.

"MSPs may…charge a reasonable fee from merchants for the services provided; however, they are encouraged to initially waive off such charges to promote merchant adoption."

RAAST Uptake:

Raast, the State Bank of Pakistan's Instant Payment System, is playing an important role in facilitating free, convenient and secure real-time transactions across the country, according to a report published by the State Bank of Pakistan. During Q3 of FY24,  Raast processed 140 million transactions totaling Rs. 3,437 billion.

Digital transactions took center stage in Pakistan's financial landscape during Q3 FY 2023-24, capturing a commanding 83% of 844 million total retail payments processed by Banks and Electronic Money Institutions (EMIs), while the remaining 17% were Over-the-Counter (OTC) transactions at banks’ branches, reports Mettis Global

Pakistan National Socioeconomic Registry. Source: Maintains

National Socioeconomic Registry:

The National Socio-economic Registry has been created . It will be regularly updated to keep it current and deliver services to the Pakistanis most in need. The effort started in earnest in 2020 to hand out Rs. 12,000 per family to 3 million most affected by the COVID19 lockdown. Here's how a Pakistani government website describes the digital registry architecture:

"The Cognitive API architecture for Ehsaas’ National Socio-Economic Registry 2021 is one of the six main pillars of ‘One Window Ehsaas’. With the survey, which is building the registry currently 90.5% complete nationwide, Ehsaas is firming up its plans to open data sharing and data access services for all executing agencies under the Poverty Alleviation and Social Safety Division (PASSD). Data sharing will be done through the Cognitive API Architecture approach. The deployment of Ehsaas API architecture for data sharing will allow executing agencies to access data from the unified registry in real-time to validate beneficiary information. This will empower them to ascertain eligibility of potential beneficiaries". 

DPI Future Plans:

In future, Pakistan is set to launch several ambitious DPI initiatives, including expanding the RAAST payment system, implementing a nationwide digital health records system, and launching a blockchain-based land registry. These projects promise to drive efficiency and transparency across multiple sectors, positioning Pakistan as a pioneer in the global digital landscape, according to a report by the World Economic Forum

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Comment by Riaz Haq 11 hours ago

Pakistan’s fintech bet pays off in a new era for South Asian finance
From India's shadow to emerging regional leader, country's funding rebounds, crypto frameworks develop


https://tribune.com.pk/story/2580132/pakistans-fintech-bet-pays-off...


"Pakistan is undoubtedly a rising star in digital assets, even if this is still a “honeymoon phase” for the South Asian country in a notoriously volatile fintech segment. How Pakistan responds to its first major crypto shock will ultimately reveal the depth of its commitment."
This is what Forbes has reported on Pakistan’s current fintech landscape. Fintech’s centre of gravity in South Asia may finally be shifting, and Pakistan is emerging as the region’s unexpected powerhouse. For years, India’s dominance kept neighbouring fintech ecosystems in its shadow. Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal lagged behind, adopting digital finance slowly and attracting limited investor interest.
Read: Digital transformation shapes Pakistan's banking horizon
Over the past three years, that map has begun to change. Pakistan is accelerating the fastest, supported by regulatory backing, a recovering investment pipeline and early moves in digital assets, a space where regional peers remain cautious.
Funding climbed from US$10.4 million in 2019 to US$150m in 2022 before global macroeconomic pressures derailed investor confidence. In 2023, rising interest rates and a global retreat from high-growth tech pushed investment down to US$12.5m.
The rebound has been strong. Funding doubled to US$26.3m in 2024 and reached US$52.5m in the first half of 2025. By late November, Pakistan’s fintech ecosystem had secured US$391m in total venture capital and included close to 450 companies.
The standout deal of 2025 was Haball’s US$52m pre-Series A round. Meezan Bank, the country’s largest Islamic lender, provided US$47m, a sign that traditional banks are no longer resisting digital entrants and are instead choosing to collaborate with them.


Regulation has evolved alongside investment. The Pakistan Startup Fund is offering equity-free grants to attract venture capital, while the State Bank has introduced a full digital bank licensing framework. Five digital banks, including Easypaisa and Mashreq Bank, began pilot operations in early 2025. These measures aim to lift adult financial inclusion from 64% in 2023 to 75% by 2028.
As SBP Governor Jameel Ahmad said in March 2024, “When more people have access to financial services, it creates a broad base of consumers, savers and entrepreneurs… especially in countries like Pakistan where the informal economy remains widespread.” Pakistan is positioning financial inclusion not simply as social welfare but as a way to formalise the economy and support long-term growth.
Pakistan is also moving ahead of its neighbours in digital assets. Bangladesh and Nepal have declared cryptocurrencies illegal, while Pakistan has avoided a complete ban. In earlier years this created a regulatory grey zone, but the situation is now shifting. Work on a formal virtual asset framework has begun, signalling a move from passive tolerance to structured oversight.
Pakistan is emerging as the most assertive fintech player in South Asia. Unlike Bangladesh and Nepal, both of which have outlawed cryptocurrencies, Pakistan avoided a blanket ban and is now moving toward a formal virtual asset framework. The shift from a regulatory grey zone to structured oversight marks a major strategic turn.
Bangladesh and Nepal offer a sharp contrast. In Bangladesh, between 40% and 50% of the population remains unbanked and the government aims for 75% digital transactions by 2027, yet crypto remains banned. Nepal’s fintech market is smaller, with mobile banking penetration at 73% and digital wallets at 64%, and it also maintains a strict prohibition on crypto activity.

Comment by Riaz Haq 11 hours ago

Fintech Heats Up In South Asia Beyond India


https://www.forbes.com/sites/zennonkapron/2025/11/27/fintech-heats-...


Pakistan: The Fintech Sleeper Awakens

Pakistan’s fintech funding surged from just US$10.4 million in 2019 to US$150 million by 2022, seemingly positioning the South Asian country to become one of the top emerging digital finance markets. However, funding plummeted in 2023 to just US$12.5 million as global macroeconomic conditions deteriorated. Surging interest rates increased the cost of capital while investors also became warier of growth-focused tech startups.

Yet funding has recovered in the past two years, roughly doubling to US$26.3 million in 2024 and US$52.5 million through the first half of 2025. As of late November, Pakistan’s 450 fintech companies have in total raised US$391 million in VC money.


The biggest deal of the year so far has been the US$52 million pre-Series A by B2B supply chain and payments fintech Haball that closed in April. The deal is significant not just for its size but also because it represents one of the most notable tie-ups to date between an incumbent Pakistani lender and a digital upstart. Meezan Bank, Pakistan’s largest Islamic bank, provided US$47 million of Haball’s funding. Haball is the first Pakistani fintech to receive a digital invoicing license from the Federal Board of Revenue and is currently working toward becoming a regulated payment initiation service provider with connectivity to Raast, the South Asian country’s instant payment system.

The uptick in Pakistan’s fintech funding dovetails with growing regulatory support for the industry. For instance, the state-backed Pakistan Startup Fund offers equity-free grants to encourage venture capital inflows. Pakistan has also established a licensing and regulatory framework for digital banks, with five entities (including Easypaisa and Mashreq Bank) launching pilot operations by early 2025.


Collectively, these efforts aim to boost adult financial inclusion from the 64% rate in 2023 to 75% by 2028. “When more people have access to financial services, it creates a broad base of consumers, savers, and entrepreneurs and helps stimulate economic growth. This is all the more important in developing economies like Pakistan, where the informal economy has a substantial share in overall economic activity and contributes to the widespread prevalence of informal and unsafe savings and investment avenues,” Jameel Ahmad, Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan, said of the government’s financial inclusion efforts in March 2024.



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