Finance is the allocation of assets and liabilities (cash) keeping in mind the time and risks. Calculating finance is not an easy task but it can be made easier if we have the required data and exact Finance Formulas as well tools. Finance cannot be enclosed in four to five formulas but some of important commonly used formulas are:

Future Value Formula:
Future value is the expected value that is estimated keeping in mind the current present value. Future value formula is used to calculate the future value of original cash flow in present. Future value helps know the worth difference between the present and future values of a cash flow. Future value is denoted by FV, present value is denoted by PV, time by t and interest by i. it is calculated by two methods by simple and compound interest formulas.
Simple interest: FV = PV (i) (t)
Compound interest: FV = PV (1+i) t

Present Value Formula:
Present value is also known as the discounted value, it tells us the worth of future amount of money in current currency rates with adjustments of interests and inflation. In short it is comparability of buying power of one rupee in future to its today’s purchasing power. It is denoted by PV.
PV = FV/ (1+r) n

Annuity Formulas:
Annuity is the agreed or fixed amount of money paid to someone each year. Dealing with annuity we have to face two problems, obtaining future and present worth of an annuity.

Future value of Annuity:
The future value of annuity is the fixed payments done each year in future. It tells about the future returns as well as discounts.
FVA =PMT [(1+i) n-1/i]
Where, FVA= future value of annuity
PMT= payment per period

Present Value of Annuity:
The present value of annuity is the future payment of an annuity in current value. The cash flows of future annuity are discounted at a discount rate.
PVA =PMT [(1+i) n -1 / (1+i) n]

Net Present Value:
It is the difference between the present values of inflows and outflows of cash over a time period. It is usually used by project managers to evaluate the profitability and capital budgeting of a project.
NPV = (∑n t=1 net cash flows t / (1+r)) – initial investments
Where, r = discounted rates

Perpetuity:
Perpetuity values are used to find the present value of a company’s future project cash flow and the company’s terminal value.
Perpetuity = cash flows / interest rate or yields

Inflation ratio:
This formula tells the level of inflation an economy is facing. It is simply done using the consumer price index (CPI).
Inflation% = current CPI – initial CPI/Current CPI (100)

Basic growth rate:
It tells us about the progress of economy keeping in view initial value and present values.
Basic growth rate =present value-initial value/initial value (100)
Average growth rate = [(present value/initial value) ½

Views: 145

Comment by Zaheer Swati on June 13, 2019 at 3:06am

For more information about accounting, finance and economics, see below mentioned link:

http://www.accountancyknowledge.com

Comment

You need to be a member of PakAlumni Worldwide: The Global Social Network to add comments!

Join PakAlumni Worldwide: The Global Social Network

Pre-Paid Legal


Twitter Feed

    follow me on Twitter

    Sponsored Links

    South Asia Investor Review
    Investor Information Blog

    Haq's Musings
    Riaz Haq's Current Affairs Blog

    Please Bookmark This Page!




    Blog Posts

    Pakistani Prosthetics Startup Aiding Gaza's Child Amputees

    While the Israeli weapons supplied by the "civilized" West are destroying the lives and limbs of thousands of Gaza's innocent children, a Pakistani startup is trying to provide them with free custom-made prostheses, according to media reports. The Karachi-based startup Bioniks was founded in 2016 and has sold prosthetics that use AI and 3D scanning for custom designs. …

    Continue

    Posted by Riaz Haq on July 8, 2025 at 9:30pm

    Indian Military Begins to Accept Its Losses in "Operation Sindoor" Against Pakistan

    The Indian military leadership is finally beginning to slowly accept its losses in its unprovoked attack on Pakistan that it called "Operation Sindoor". It began with the May 31 Bloomberg interview of the Indian Chief of Defense Staff General Anil Chauhan in Singapore where he admitted losing Indian fighter aircraft to Pakistan in an aerial battle on May 7, 2025.  General Chauhan further revealed that the Indian Air Force was grounded for two days after this loss. …

    Continue

    Posted by Riaz Haq on July 5, 2025 at 10:30am — 5 Comments

    © 2025   Created by Riaz Haq.   Powered by

    Badges  |  Report an Issue  |  Terms of Service