The Global Social Network
If you read Pakistan media headlines and donation-seeking NGOs and activists' reports these days, you'd conclude that the social sector situation is entirely hopeless. However, if you look at children's education and health trend lines based on data from credible international sources, you would feel a sense of optimism. This exercise gives new meaning to what former US President Bill Clinton has said: Follow the trend lines, not the headlines. Unlike the alarming headlines, the trend lines in Pakistan show rising school enrollment rates and declining infant mortality rates.
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| Pakistan Children 5-16 In-Out of School. Source: Pak Alliance For M... |
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| Source: World Bank Education Statistics |
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| Pakistan Child Mortality Rates. Source: PDHS 2017-18 |
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| Pakistan Human Development Trajectory 1990-2018.Source: Pakistan HD... |
| Expected Years of Schooling in Pakistan by Province |
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| Pakistan's Human Development Growth Rate By Decades. Source: HDR 2018 |
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| Pakistan Human Development Growth 1990-2018. Source: Pakistan HDR 2019 |
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| Pakistani Children 5-16 Currently Enrolled. Source: Pak Alliance Fo... |
Operating under Pakistan’s Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) – the country's flagship social protection programme – the Benazir Nashonuma Programme has become a cornerstone in the fight against malnutrition in Pakistan.
The final results of the cohort study of the Independent Impact Evaluation presented in May 2026 show some of the strongest results ever documented globally for a nutrition programme, with impact on stunting reduction and child survival. The evaluation is conducted by the Institute for Global Health & Development at Aga Khan University and funded by the Gates Foundation. It followed two groups from early pregnancy – Nashonuma participants and non-participants – both enrolled in BISP Kafaalat.
The evaluation has documented significant impact on maternal outcomes, including full coverage of antenatal care (at least once), improved pregnancy weight gain (+24 g/week), and 0.36 g/dL smaller decline in hemoglobin concentration among Nashonuma participants. It also showed lower adverse birth outcomes, including low birth weight reduced by 6%, preterm births by 11%, and small vulnerable newborns by 7%. For child health outcomes, stunting at 6 months was 22% lower among Nashonuma beneficiaries (equivalent to 9.4 percentage-points), especially reflecting improved maternal nutrition, and at 12 months, it was 18% lower (equivalent to 10.1 percentage-points). The evaluation also found reduced child anemia by 12%, increased full immunization coverage by 17%, while <25% of women achieved adequate dietary diversity.
Launched in 2020, the Benazir Nashonuma Programme targets pregnant and breastfeeding women and children under 2, focusing on the pivotal first 1,000 days. Through its integration with BISP, Nashonuma can reach the most vulnerable mothers and children. The programme is delivered through 578 facilitation and 169 stabilization centers and has reached 4.6 million women and children so far.
Nashonuma provides a comprehensive package of nutrition-specific and -sensitive interventions:
The Nashonuma Programme is managed by the Government of Pakistan under BISP. The World Food Programme (WFP), in close partnerships with Health Departments, supports the management of the 578 Facilitation Centers and the procurement and distribution of SNF to prevent stunting. The centres also screen for, and manage, acutely malnourished children and women. Severe cases with medical complications are referred to one of the 169 nutrition Stabilization Centres supported by the World Health Organization (WHO), which provide lifesaving medical treatment and therapeutic milk (F-75 and F-100), as well as Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF). UNICEF provides RUTF for the treatment of severe acute malnutrition, MMS for women’s micronutrient deficiencies, and manages Social Behavior Change Communication & community engagement.
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