As the war enters 12th day, both the Israeli and the US militaries are using AI to accelerate decision-making, analyzing vast amounts of intelligence data for generating targets, and optimizing logistics, shifting toward AI-enabled command structures to maintain battlefield superiority. Almost all major US AI data center operators have signed contracts to provide AI tools and services to both the Pentagon and the IDF. This arrangement has not gone unnoticed by the Iranians who are now targeting AI data centers in the Middle East. 

Data Centers in Gulf States. Source: Bloomberg

Last week, three data centers operated by AmazonWeb Services (AWS), two in the United Arab Emirates and one in Bahrain, were struck by Iranian drones or missiles. The attacks forced the facilities offline and led to service outages affecting banking, payments, delivery apps, and enterprise software across the region, according to a Fortune magazine report.  The U.S. military uses AWS to run some of its workloads, including running Anthropic’s AI model Claude for some intelligence functions, and Iran’s Fars News Agency said on Telegram that the Bahrain facility had been deliberately targeted “to identify the role of these centers in supporting the enemy’s military and intelligence activities.” 

American hyperscalers like Amazon and Google have flocked to the Gulf states in recent years to take advantage of the region’s ample cheap energy, vast pools of investment capital, and real estate. Most of their operations are run through partnerships with local data center firms, and so it’s not always clear which ones are associated with US companies. Of the approximately 230 data centers that are built or in development in a half dozen Arab countries bordering the Gulf, only a handful are wholly owned and operated by a US tech giant, Amazon, according to researcher DC Byte. Three of those are the centers that were hit, according to Bloomberg.

With the growing use of AI in warfare, the digital infrastructure and the data centers are increasingly being targeted by belligerents. Data centers are sprawling, visible complexes dependent on exposed infrastructure—such as cooling units, diesel generators, and gas turbines—that can be disabled without a direct hit on the servers themselves. “If you knock out some of the chillers you can take them fully offline,” Sam Winter-Levy, a fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, told the Financial Times.  The threat of multiple data centers coming under attack at once during wartime is forcing companies to rethink their strategies, including securing data centers against missiles or drones, according to Bloomberg.